|
|
Bussiness Talk
|
|
|
|
Change Your Beliefs Ever wonder why people struggle to keep New Year's Resolutions? The intention and desire is strong. There is a big push out of the start gate. And then there's a slow fizzle resulting in dashed hopes, forgotten resolutions and empty promises. If there ever was a time to be bold, upfront and to the point it's now. Here's why New Years Resolutions rarely stick; rarely succeed. Deep down inside of your mind, you don't believe in them. It's that simple.
You can have anything you want in life; more money, better health, weight loss, broken addictions, more time for yourself, greater self-confidence and better relationships. It's all possible if you believe it. The key to getting all you want and much more is holding positive beliefs about yourself and the issues rolling around in your mind. Without positive beliefs, you might get what you're after with some struggle, a lot of striving and not much fun. Most likely you'll throw your hands up in defeat and revert to old patterns and behaviors, once again re-enforcing those negative beliefs that already have a hold on you. So this year, New Years Resolution Number ONE is change your beliefs. Root out old, limiting, negative beliefs, behaviors and patterns and replace them with positive, life enhancing ones.
These new beliefs will support you as you move forward in your resolution to work out regularly, eat healthy foods, make more money, spend more time with family and like it! Think about this way: You and thousands of others are resolving to lose 15 pounds by spring. You start off on a diet and exercise program with great intention and may even lose a few Then there's a slip; a missed work out here, a poor food choice there. Why? Because there is a little voice in the back of your head saying, "Who do you think you're kidding, this isn't going to work. Nothing ever works for you. Go on, you really want that piece of cake and you deserve it! Sitting on the sofa watching TV sounds so much better then working out at the gym. Have an extra handful and work out double tomorrow." Sound familiar?
Now imagine getting rid of those tapes and negative beliefs and replacing them with thoughts like: "My body loves and craves healthy foods. I enjoy all kinds of exercise. I am beautiful. It's fun being healthy. I can do anything I put my mind to." Feel the difference in the energy vibe? These are the kinds of beliefs that will support your resolutions of losing weight, exercising regularly and making healthy choices. Let's try another one. "I resolve to start saying “no” more often and taking more time for myself." Great resolution, but the problem is, deep in your mind, whether consciously or subconsciously, you may be holding onto beliefs like: "If I say no, they won't like me. I like to feel needed. It gives me self-esteem. If I say no, it won't get done properly and then everything will fall apart." Hmmm—doesn't sound promising for a long-term resolution. How about filling your mind with beliefs such as: "I can do anything I choose. I speak my mind. Other people's words and thoughts are simply information about them. People like me and appreciate me just the way I am. I love me. I deserve to take time for myself." WOW! Awesome beliefs to support a fabulous resolution. pounds.
Whatever the New Years Resolution, whatever the issue or problem you want to solve, I am thrilled to tell you, there is hope. You can be who you want to be, do what you want to do, have and experience what you want, as long as you BELIEVE IT!
|
|
Cross Marketing
|
|
While your competition is participating in the recession by cutting staff and marketing costs, you can keep your company in the spotlight by sharing the cost of marketing with other companies who want to crush their competition.
You can participate in expos together; buy full page ad space in the top business and consumer magazines; send out tip post cards; conduct joint workshops; purchase cable advertising; and more.
Advertise like a BIG corporation on a tiny budget by pooling your marketing dollars with complementary companies and watch your visibility and profits grow in 2009.
If you are looking for a new business association that will help you stretch your budget and market your company in 2009, to find out how professionals in finances, media, cross marketing, product/service development, e-commerce, etc, can help you build a solid company in spite of the economy.
Sign up for our first Business Mentorship Program. More Info 
|
|
Handle tough feedback
|
|
The first time you get tough feedback as a new entrepreneur, it can really kick you in the gut. Most of us learn to accept feedback reasonably well while working for a big company. If you are a salesperson and someone hates your product, it may not feel great, but you probably won't lose sleep over it.
When you work for yourself, any critical feedback about your business can feel like a personal attack. It will destroy you if you let it. Gathering up the courage to leave your corporate job and start a business may feel like your biggest emotional challenge as a new entrepreneur. Once you leave, it feels euphoric when you see your well-laid plans come to fruition and when people actually buy your products or services. But somewhere down the line, you will be blindsided by some brutal, direct, and very tough feedback.
It may come from a customer who is very unhappy with your service. Or from an employee who tells you what they really think of your management skills. Or a reviewer that pans your product. Most people have one of two reactions: they get angry or they curl into a fetal position. Neither will be helpful to you as an entrepreneur, because you have to invite feedback and criticism if you want to grow a viable business.
Here are some ways to handle it:
1. Don't be influenced by either side of the feedback pendulum. Try not to get too excited when people are giving you raving accolades. In the same vein, try not to get too upset when they give brutal criticism. You need to have a very clear sense of yourself and remain focused on what your business is and how it will add value to your customers. If you try to please those that think you are great, you can get paralyzed trying to live up to an impossible standard. If you try to please your detractors and "fix" what they think is wrong with you, you will come from a place of unworthiness. Learn from all feedback and keep a steady course towards your long-term vision.
2. Don't take things personally. Don Miguel Ruiz wrote an excellent book called The Four Agreements, which shares some very simple yet profound wisdom. One of the key beliefs, or "agreements", as he calls them, is not to take things other people say personally. "Nothing other people do is because of you. It is because of them. All people live in their own dream, their own mind; they are in a completely different world from the one we live in. When we take something personally, we make the assumption that they know what is in our world, and we try to impose our world on their world." (The Four Agreements, 48)
3. Be a sieve. Learn how to take in a big piece of tough feedback, sift out the pieces that have some use or truth to them, and let the rest flow down the sink. Most feedback has some truth in it that will make you better at what you do. The easiest way to do this is to ask yourself: "What part of this feedback will make me better, more successful in the marketplace, and happier at what I do if I apply it?" Keep that piece of advice and let the rest go.
4. See if the outside critic is reflecting your inner critic. All of us have inner critics that whisper in our ear when we are trying something new. "Who do you think you are to run a business? "You call yourself a writer?" "Everyone will think I am a slimy salesperson if I try to sell my products or services." Most times, we realize that this is just our inner fear talking and move forward anyway. But sometimes, the exact words our inner critic says come to us in the form of an email from an actual person. The universe works in mysterious ways sometimes!
5. Don't shoot the messenger, even if you want to. In my brief foray in the blogging world, I have found that some bloggers can be exceptionally direct with their feedback. Some people are downright mean, and make personal attacks in addition to criticizing your ideas. If you ever receive a comment like this, your first inclination may be to shoot back a bitchy, profanity-laden response. Don't do it. It will solve nothing to engage with someone who is obviously trying to provoke you. You many even encourage the person to continue to post personal attacks (or at an extreme, start a campaign to smear your name, something I read about on someone’s blog - I forget whose) Punch a pillow, write a nasty response and then delete it, or print out the person's comment and burn it in a glorious ceremony in your backyard. Remember, don't take it personally - if they are attacking you and don't even know you, it is really about them. (Ironically, most of the people who leave blistering attacks do not leave a real email address, perhaps to avoid real dialog) 6. Find ways to be kind, gentle and nurturing to yourself. Even if you are very strong emotionally, some negative feedback will burrow past your protective armor and pierce you in the gut. Learn what makes you feel better. No problem of mine is too big for a heaping bowl of Ben and Jerry's ice cream and a hot bath. Thankfully I don't have too many bad days or I would have a serious cholesterol problem, but at least I’d be very clean. Identify your self-pampering activities and engage in them whenever your inner child wants to cry.
The more you choose to be active in the world, the more negative criticism you will receive. If you learn to deal with it gracefully, nothing will stop you from accomplishing your goals.
|
| 5 Deadly Mistakes You Can't Afford to Make While Social Networking |
|
If you haven't received the results that you hoped for after joining and participating in various Social Networking (SN) sites, there's a good possibility it's because you've made one or more of these mistakes. I've made everyone of these mistakes and paid the price. On the flip side, I've also corrected these mistakes and the results have been phenomenal.
Mistake # 1: Not having the right mindset. If you go into SN with a sales mentality, you will fail. Sales is about closing transactions. Networking is about building relationships. There's a time where selling is appropriate in a relationship. However nothing damages a relationship faster than selling without first building a relationship. The Referral Institute TM teaches the VCP model. VCP stands for Visibility - Credibility - Profitability. In simple terms, this means that people need to first know who you are. Then they need to trust you. It's only when they both know and trust you that they comfortably buy from you. Trying to move from visibility to profitability without earning credibility doesn't work. To correct Mistake #1, shift your focus from selling to building relationships.
Mistake #2: Not having a strategy. Going into the SN arena without having a strategy is like going to the grocery store without a list, and to make matters even worse, going when you're starving. Odds are you will forget to buy some of the items you truly needed, and you will bring home some junk instead. Using the VCP model, you must have a strategy to increase both your visibility and your credibility. When you accomplish this, generating business will be much easier. So what would be an example of a strategy to build your visibility? Joining CCWN Linkedin Group you can easily do this by writing articles, hosting events, posting comments, answering questions, welcoming people and more. It means getting involved in the SN community. The more involved you are, the more visibility you gain. One easy way to build credibility is to have people who already trust you give you a testimonial or third party endorsement. Look for people you know who are already members on the site and ask them for a testimonial. Better yet, offer a testimonial for them first. If you don't have anyone you know on the network, invite them to join. Once you start building your relationships with others on the network, they too will be able to give you testimonials. To correct Mistake #2, come up with a strategic plan to gain visibility and credibility.
Mistake #3: Not having patience. We live in a fast-paced society--one with very little patience. We eat fast food. We drive fast cars. We multitask. We all have been conditioned to expect immediate results. So we usually give our social networking a few weeks or months. If we don't get any sales, we quit. Think about what it takes for the bamboo plant to grow. There are certain types of bamboo plants that take up to four years before they come out of the ground. Prior to them coming out of the ground, the plants are growing by spreading their roots underground. If you didn't know this, it looks like nothing is happening. On the other hand, once they break ground, they surge upward from 12-36 inches in a 24-hour period! Networking is very similar to this. I'm not saying that it will take four years before you see results, but it certainly won't be immediate. So building your visibility and your credibility takes time. It is like the bamboo plant spreading its roots. Eventually you will start generating business. You just have to be patient. To correct Mistake #3, give yourself twice as much time as you think you will need before you evaluate whether your efforts are paying off.
Mistake #4: Not having any free products to give away. In many countries, it's very common for people who visit other people's homes to always bring a gift. It's not about bringing a gift on a special occasion. It's about the principle of gratitude. If someone is inviting you to their home, you express your gratitude by bringing a gift.
In networking, this principle is very powerful as well. Showing someone gratitude and appreciation is a great way to build the relationship. However, nowadays free does not carry the punch that it once did. This is because very seldom is "free" truly free. Often offering a free gift is viewed with suspicion - especially when the gift is connected with the product or service you are selling. On the other hand, if the intent behind the gift is to truly express appreciation for connecting, it brings you closer to the other person. When it takes on a "pay it forward" approach, the results can be remarkable. One of the best tactics you can use in your SN strategy is to find or develop a gift you can offer to prospects for free--one that's not directly related to what you sell. After trying different things myself, I finally created a product that accomplished the above goal.
To correct Mistake #4, develop a product or service that has value in the eyes of your prospects. Make sure that it's not related to your core offering and give it away for free. If you can't come up with a product of your own, we’ll be glad to share some ideas.
Mistake #5: Focusing on numbers vs. relationships. Joining many sites and adding lots of friends or people to your network is not a strategy. It may be good for your ego, but it will not result in you doing business. Remember: networking is about relationships--not about numbers. You're better off building a smaller network of people with whom you have a relationship, than a larger group of people you don't know or interact with. Remember in order to gain visibility, you will have to get involved and participate in the community. To correct Mistake #5, limit the number of sites you belong to. Ideally, choose no more than three or four -- depending on the amount of time that you are willing to devote to your overall strategy. Deeper is better than wider. Try a site, get involved, and see how you like it. Most networking sites give you access to a free version so that you can try it out before you commit money and start paying for additional features. New Social Networking sites are being added every week. Don't go chasing for the "latest, greatest" or the one that your friend invited you to. Stick to a few and work them. If one doesn't work, then go ahead and add a new one.
|
| The Best PR of All: Common Courtesy |
|
"She never returns her calls, nor respond emails." "We rushed to get them the estimate to meet their deadline and now they won't tell us what's happening with the project." "I stayed late to finish that report and didn't even get as much as a thank you for it." How many times have you heard professional women make remarks like these? It seems that in the rush to deal with everyday life and work, it has become okay to ignore common courtesy, like returning phone calls or letting someone know you won't need their services.
*Don't fall into that trap. One of the best public relations and communications tools of all is to have good manners and use common courtesy in your dealings with people. Here are a few examples where doing the right thing will create good PR for you and your business:
* Develop a reputation for returning all of your calls and emails. (Junk email and calls as well as unsolicited sales calls are the exception.) Set up a time to do so each day. If you can't keep up with the volume of calls or emails, have an administrative assistant or co-worker help you out. * Always thank people who have rushed to provide you with information. Think about how you feel when you go out of your way to do something for someone and they don't acknowledge it. Everyone wants to feel appreciated. Even if it's their job, a simple “thank you” can make a big impact. Plus, the next time you need something in a hurry, you'll probably get their cooperation again. * Send personal notes of congratulations or thanks. Handwritten notes are not commonplace these days, which is why they can make someone's day. The notes don't have to be long, just a few sincere lines wishing the person well, congratulating them or thanking them. You probably remember the last time you received such a note. It made a difference, didn't it? And you probably think highly of the person who sent it.
* Don't ignore administrative assistants or receptionists. They're people too and they are just doing their job when they ask for your name or company. If you're rude to them, you can bet they won't go out of their way to help you. * If you have requested quotes, estimates, or proposals, and have decided to use another firm or delay the project, politely say so. It's also helpful if you explain why they aren't getting the business. It's not good manners to ignore the situation or to avoid calls. Most of us in business strive to improve our proposals, products, and services, so this kind of feedback can be immensely helpful. Yes, it's tough to tell someone that they didn't get the project, but they understand you can't win them all.
* When you receive a letter from a job seeker, always send a response. Even if it is brief, simply state you have no openings or their skills don't match what you're looking for. You can develop a template for such a letter, which will make it a snap to send out.
There's a saying, 'You get what you give.' That might be a bit simplistic, but there is truth in the statement. Common courtesy involves the little things…little things that impact your reputation and your relationships at work and in life.
|
| How to Avoid the Five Pitfalls of the Typical Marketing Plan |
Pitfall 1: Too Much Information Most marketing plans spend too much time providing information and too little on the recommendation. Good marketing drowns in the morass of too much data. An effective plan focuses on action. In fact, I prefer to call the marketing plan an "action plan." The SWOT analysis, competitive assessment, key market research, and maybe a pricing study, make the information phase overwhelming. I think these are useful, but they belong in the appendix and should get an executive summary in the primary document.
Pitfall 2: No Clear Strategic Direction Good marketing plans need to lay out the objectives and the strategies for achieving those objectives, along with the tactics for each strategic initiative. But the overwhelming amounts of data in most plans bury the strategy portion of the plan. The strategies and tactics remain fuzzy and fail to provide actionable direction. Many plans do not contain the strategies and jump directly into the tactics. The author contends that businesses can focus on only three or four things a year. So the marketing plan must identify those key strategic initiatives.
Pitfall 3: Lack of Rationale The marketing plan's reason for being revolves around two things. First, it lays out the plan to build the business. Second, it garners support from both management and peers. So, a good plan contains the rationale necessary to persuade by describing what must be done and why it will work. My take is that the marketing plan starts out as a proposal and ends up as an action document once it gets budget approval.
Pitfall 4: No Cross-Functional Involvement As with any corporate wide initiative, no successful marketing plan can be developed by the marketing team alone. The plan may originate there, but the marketing group should lead the process to get buy off from all affected departments. By including people throughout the company, everyone’s contributions will make or break the marketing effort, making everyone a co-author and defender of the final document.
Pitfall 5: No Financial Direct marketers cannot get away with creating marketing plans without financials. But in the gooey world of brand and positioning advertising, the financials often consist of costs without accompanying revenue commitments. Marketing will not always deliver on the financial goals of the company, yet marketers everywhere still create detailed spending plans without tying them into financial projections. Do not get used to the idea that marketing is an optional activity by not demonstrating the direct relationship between marketing investments and the company's ultimate financial success. The bottom line? Create a marketing plan that provides the rationale for clear marketing initiatives and tactics. Do so by involving various people and departments, so the whole organization is accountable for the plan's success.
|
|
Keys to Referral Success
|
How can we put ALL the pieces together to generate an ongoing stream of referrals? Here are the 4 keys to referral success… Key #1: WORK WITH ENOUGH REFERRAL SOURCES You need to have around 12 "core" centers of influence (COI’s) and about 100 potential centers of influence. The core COI's are the ones you'll take to lunch regularly. The others are people you are working on developing a relationship with. Two good ways to increase your core centers of influence are to attend networking events and to ask your current core COI's for suggestions.
Key #2: HAVE A REFERRAL "SYSTEM" This key to referral success focuses on the need to have REGULAR contact with your COI's. This may be in the form of lunches, cards, emails, voicemails, or letters. It is ONLY by regular contact that you will create a stream of referrals. (Feel free to contact me about automated solutions.)
KEY #3: DIFFERENTIATE YOURSELF
Stop using a "vanilla" message. Work on developing a message that sets you apart from everyone else out there and gives people a reason to remember you. By the way, an excellent way to set yourself apart is to develop a niche.
KEY #4: CREATE A RELATIONSHIP "BANK ACCOUNT" This is the key that almost everyone misses. In order to create a reliable stream of referrals, you need to make "deposits" into the emotional relationship bank account of each of your referral sources. You need to take the time to get to know them, find ways to add to the relationship, and create an impression with each of your sources. Although this takes some work up front, once the foundation is set, it's easy to sustain.
In summary, the four keys to referral success are to work with 12 or more centers of influence, implement a systematic way to stay in touch, differentiate yourself from everyone else, and build a connection with each center of influence. If you take the time to get each step right, you will become one of the few professionals who grow their business strictly by referrals.
|
|
How to Pitch Your Product to the Media
|
Follow these three steps to get your product the publicity it deserves. You have a great product and you're sure the media would love a chance to write about it, but you don't know what to do first. Here are the three steps you must take in order to succeed.
Step 1. Have a Product the Media Agrees is Great If you make or sell a product, of course you think it's great. But the media probably use different criteria than you do. Here's what makes a product newsworthy to journalists: -A truly new product (launched in the past few months or about to be launched) -Unique, breakthrough product -Works well, tastes great, etc. -Colorful packaging/visually appealing -Product ties into trends--organic/green, political, etc. -Priced right--less than key price points ($100, $50, $25, $10) or priced high if truly a luxury item
Step 2: Find the Right Media Contact and Make a Great Pitch The easiest way to find the appropriate contact is to pick up a newspaper or magazine, check a website or blog, or scrutinize the TV credits. Find out who's in charge of whatever section fits your type of product (e.g., beauty editor, fashion editor). Call the main number and confirm that individual's e-mail address and direct telephone number. If you aren't sure whom to contact, call the main number at the media outlet (look it up on the website) and ask for the correct contact. Then get that person's contact information. To save time, I recommend this great database of media contacts for retailers and product companies: the Gift List. For a free trial, click here.
Anatomy of a Great Pitch
A pitch is different than a press release because it's customized. Naturally, most media members prefer to receive a pitch that's designed specifically for them. Many PR folks believe you should make a phone pitch first, but I think it's okay to start with an e-mail pitch. In fact, many editors and reporters prefer them.
A great pitch contains the following: -A personalized greeting ("Hi, Jane" instead of "To Whom It May Concern" or nothing at all) -Several story angle tie-ins (e.g., new product, hot trend, tie-in to current events, celebrity) -A description of where your story or product could fit in the media outlet (such as a holiday gift guide or new product section) -Details about the product (price, colors) -Call to action (ask if the media person would like a sample, set up a time to get feedback, etc.) As you ready your pitch for the media, keep these points in mind: -Preparing your pitch is the hardest part; execution is the easiest. -Never send a pitch as an e-mail attachment. Cut and paste your information into the body of the message. -Don't send attachments of photographs or artwork unless requested. Instead, send a link to a photo of your product on your website.
Step 3: Follow Up This is the part that trips up most do-it-yourself publicists and even PR folks. Once the media have expressed interest in your product or service, be persistent. The easiest way to follow up is to provide a date and time when you will check back. Get the journalist's agreement, and then do it. For instance: “Can I call you at 10 a.m. next Monday to see if you'd like to receive a sample?” “Can I call you next Friday at 2 p.m. to get your thoughts on the sample and when you might be able to include it in the What's New section?” Continue to follow up until you find out the publication or broadcast date. If you're persistent enough to land a publication date, remember these no-nos when it runs: -Don't ask for a copy of the piece; that's your responsibility. -Don't forget to send a thank-you note. I can't emphasize this enough--it will make you stand out from the 99 percent of people who don't send a thank-you note. It will also help create a relationship with the reporter for ongoing publicity opportunities.
Follow these steps and get your great product some great publicity. Plus, your sales will be great, too.
|
|
Business Communication Etiquette
|
The idea that people need to have feedback, appreciation, and information is a good basis for understanding how and why excellent business communication is important and compelling for success. In your very best relationship - whether your spouse, best friend, sister, co-worker - you can easily communicate with that person in a high value way. You telephone, email, write notes, make plans, and generally stay in contact with them because you want the connection and the relationship. In building very good relationships in business, it is absolutely the same. What is different in a business relationship is that you communicate with them and you don't always know them as well as a dear friend. However, they need the same attention that a good relationship needs. These needs are: * Returning a phone call * Following up on a request * Listening intently * Appreciative communication * Clear communication with details and directions * Doing what you say you will do * Remembering what is important to your contact * Valuing what is most important to your contact Our communication styles and methods are being stretched to the limit by email, technology, lack of time, and demands on our ability to do so much in our days. But there are rules of common courtesy that have NOT changed since the inception of humans dealing with each other in a high value way. If you want to be a remembered, trusted and respected leader, you will practice these courtesies with every business contact. If you take the time to examine what is important to you, we think you will find that they are also the courtesies that you expect in all business communication ? actually how you would like to be treated and communicated with. Email - not only should you be returning emails in a timely way, but you need to set the context each and every time of why the email is important and what information it is that you want to deliver. Spam filters help, but in order to more easily control your email load, you need to be in more control of what you generate yourself. In business, be brief, be informational, and then be gone. Cell phones - the ring tones that are available now are fun outside of the office, networking situations, client lunches etc. Put them on vibrate or shut them off. Take and make calls sparingly when you are with people. Most people are not interested in listening to your conversations, no matter how stimulating you think they might be. If you need to take or make a call, excuse yourself and then make it briefly. Returning phone calls ? We are not sure when some people decided it was all right to not return phone calls: it is never okay. Whether you think you have time to return the call or not, find out what people need, make sure you are clear on whether you can help them or not, and then get back to your own work. People who return phone calls are trusted and respected. You do not need to make the calls long. In fact, returning all calls twice a day instead of doing it piece-meal all day long is a good way to manage your time more appropriately. Here are some additional basics that will help you grow your own identity and brand which will identify you as a trusted and respected: * Practice your handshake - ask a friend to shake hands with you and then give you feedback. Firm is good, but crushing is bad. * Eye contact - learn to look at a person when he or she is speaking. * Body language - fifty-five percent of our non-verbal communication is our body - watch what your body is saying about you. * Business card - get them and have them with you ALL of the time. Do include an address, email, telephone number, name and what you do. A title is very good. If your company does not provide a business card, get a personal one anyway. The fast print companies all have programs that can help you easily and quickly make them. * Holding doors - opening a door for someone is not just a guy thing anymore. Ladies, if you get to the door first, open it. * Standing and greeting - if you are being introduced, stand, reach out your hand and shake that person's hand. This is not a gender issue. Women in the workforce can show respect by standing and shaking hands.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Relations: DIY Versus Hiring a Professional
|
|

Before you launch your PR campaign, figure out the answer to this important question: Q: I have a small catering business and I'd like to drum up some publicity, but I'm not sure how to go about it. Can I do the PR myself? Should I hire a PR agency? A: The most important step is realizing that PR should be done in the first place. PR is a very important, but frequently overlooked, approach to marketing. For many entrepreneurs, there is no budget available for hiring an agency or outsourcing the PR, but there are several ways to achieve free or very cost-effective publicity. The time it takes to plan and execute this PR vs. the time you could be spending on what you do best in your business has to be evaluated. You should also consider how effective the do-it-yourself can be vs. the professional with all the contacts, efficiencies, methods and tools to spread the word effectively. Will you be able to contact the necessary editors, distribute your press materials and get your articles placed between now and the time of your event, or will you need someone else to spend their time doing it, especially with tight deadlines right around the corner? Lets look at the various PR components that will work, whether done by an agency or done by you, the entrepreneur: * Press release * Press release distribution * Media interview * Editorial contribution * Guest columns * Letters to the editor * Feature articles * Article placement * Seminars * Workshops * Speaking engagements * Press conference * Market research * Media relations * Contact lists If doing it yourself would mean there's a risk that your campaign will be improperly composed, poorly pitched, over-commercialized (editors do not like promotion; they like news) and misdirected with no follow-up, then you would be better off hiring a professional. Here are some key considerations that will help you determine who can best handle your PR campaign: * If you don't have the media contacts, hire someone who does. Most PR professionals have established contacts in the media that have been groomed and cultivated over several years, leading to a greater number of media placements in higher-profile places. * Writing is key. Can you provide the catchy headline that every editor is looking for? Can you provide the newsworthiness angle to your event, announcement or information? A "yes" to these may suggest your ability to successfully pull off a do-it-yourself campaign, provided things like time and efficiencies are available. * PR specialists/agencies generate publicity full time and know the ins and outs, shortcuts, and secrets to getting the job done better and quicker. You could do your own auto mechanics, string your own telephone wire, or rebuild your own computers, provided you had the right tools, the right amount of time, and of course the expertise to be efficient and cost-effective. If you could spend your time doing what you do best and get one more sale for your business, what is that worth to you versus hiring a professional? If you have the time, tools, talent and know-how to launch, maintain, and follow up on your own campaign, then you should definitely do so. If not, there are plenty of public relations/publicity firms, specialists, and services available. Only hire what you can afford. Remember to view this expenditure as an investment, and weigh that investment against what one more piece of business could be worth to you. Regardless of whether you do it yourself or hire someone, when it comes to launching a PR campaign, many businesses find they can't afford not to have one.
|
|
The Worst 5 Words Especially in Advertising
|
|

Google the term "magic advertising words" and you will get over 8 million results. Self appointed experts claim that they have identified the words that will unlock your customers' wallet. Smart business people know that there are no such things as magic words, particularly in a culture that is saturated with advertising. But there is something you should know: magic words may not be magic at all, they may actually work against you. And, chances are, you're using at least one of them in your advertising now. Brace yourself; here are five of the advertising words you should never use:
Quality This may be the most overused word in advertising. Every item worth buying is a quality product. It may be low-priced quality or it may be high-priced quality, but it's quality either way. In a Lexus, it's handcrafted finishes, but in a Hyundai, it's more about extended warranty than anything. Every company thinks that they can use "quality" in their advertising, so much so that it has become no more than seven empty letters.
Value Like quality, value has been ruined by overuse. Go back to the Lexus and the Hyundai examples: which car is the better value? It depends - on the buyer, on the purchase occasion, and on what benefits and feature are being judged. Wal- Mart provides good value, but so does Tiffany. Value, like quality, is in the eye of the beholder. Saying "we provide the best value", is therefore, virtually meaningless.
Service Have you ever seen or heard an ad promising lousy service? Of course not, this is why claiming good service falls on deaf ears. It's funny, but it seems most companies that make the claim of good service are usually those that fall far short of the promise.
Caring Do you really believe your company cares more about your customers than your competitors do? That doesn't make sense. If your competitors didn't care about their customers, they wouldn't stay in business. Saying "we care more" in an ad makes a statement is very difficult to prove and customers know this. The words quality, value, service, and caring all fail for essentially the same reasons. Not only are they overused, but because they're based on variables that will be different for everyone. There is a quality/value/service/caring continuum in each person's mind for every purchase occasion, and it is a constantly moving target.
Integrity A company either has integrity or it doesn't. It's either honest or it's not. Most people give the benefit of the doubt. When a company talks about integrity in advertising, it's for one of two reasons, neither one of them good:
1. they're either trying to cover up some lack of integrity 2. they're implying that they live by a higher standard than their competition.
This is ridiculous, every company needs to have integrity. Therefore no company needs to advertise it. Do you want your customers and prospects to view your products and services as being high quality and of good value? Absolutely. Do you want them to appreciate your caring service and high integrity? Of course. But every company wants this. Those that win the hearts and minds of consumers don't talk the talk, they walk the walk. What you think about your company doesn't matter. All that matters is what your customers and prospects think. The next time you are tempted to use these five words in your ads, stop and ask yourself if there is a better way to get your message across.
|
|
Defining Your Market Niche

After I heard Kristin Johnson in our last seminar and gone over my notes, this is the line of thoughts that came for this article. As I have often been struck by how many of the newcomers in business, individuals think that everyone is a potential target for their product or service. Another common misconception is that they have no competition in their field. Both beliefs create lots of work for the entrepreneur as they try to be "all things to all people." First and foremost focus your effort to get to know the landscape of your industry and where their business fits into it. I like to compare the process of defining one's market niche to how an hourglass looks — the more you narrow your focus, the more you expand your opportunities for what is possible with your business.
Knowing the specific characteristics of your customers allows you to reach them far more effectively. Do the market research: What are they reading, listening to on the radio, watching on TV? What web sites do they visit? Where do they shop, exercise, and go on vacation? Then you can create flyers, brochures, business cards and web advertisements and place them where your buyers will see them.
How about you and your business? Is your product or service meeting an unmet need? What are the specific characteristics of your clients? How can you best reach them? Who else is seeing them that could be referring you? Spending the time to develop a strong marketing plan is invaluable and leads to a more profitable business. In other words, "get to it!"
|
|
Get Your Face in The Book, Cast a Net on the Tube
Online Social Media Boosts Sales
By Gregg Towsley Video sharing and social networking although still widely used for infotainment purposes are now a mainstream platform for business. Statistics show that media like YouTube and Facebook have made rapid strides in adoption and usage. More importantly, the use of these modern day media for commercial purposes has made businesses sit up and take notice of their innovative uses.
Social Media SitesMarketing is no longer a 'one way' event! One Hundred year ago all commerce was face to face or one on one. Fifty years ago TV, Radio, Yellow Pages, and Print Ads came along and corporations blasted their message to millions. This mass marketing worked well to drive sales. Ninety-nine percent of the c ommunication was one way....OUT! There was a huge wall that corporations hide behind as their marketing teams blasted messages. If your business does not break down the wall, YOU will be left behind!
So, in its simplest form, Social Media Marketing in breaking down the walls and joining the conversation.
What is Social Media Marketing?
YouTube:
· YouTube has over 68 million unique users each month and the 6th largest audience on the Internet
· 50% of the YouTube community watches all of the videos to the end
· 52% of 18-34 year-olds share videos with friends or colleagues often
· 73% of YouTube users don't mind the advertising since it allows the site to be free
Facebook:
· More than 24 million photos uploaded daily - #1 photo sharing application on the Web (comScore)
· Over 24,000 applications have been built on the Facebook Platform - 140 new applications are added per day
· More than half of Facebook users are outside of college - fastest growing demographic is those 25 years old and older
Social media marketing is the process of promoting your website or business through social media channels. It is a powerful strategy to get links, exposure, and website traffic.
The marketing opportunities that the Internet provides never cease to amaze. From humble beginnings where websites became another showcase of brand identity and now videos and online social profiles take on brand significance.
Advertising Spending
Social utility site, Facebook originally started in 2004 as a networking site for youth. Today it has over 90 million active users and is the 4th most trafficked site in the world (source: comScore). With over 15 billion page views monthly, the site is an emerging marketing armoury and a powerful one at that. Little over a year ago, the site launched the Facebook Platform allowing third party applications to run within its interface. This hugely increased the potential to use Facebook for effective viral marketing. Facebook's news feed is quickly gaining popularity as a way to keep audiences informed about a company's activities, new product launches, seasonal promotions, and so on. How do companies use Facebook to market online?
From hosting events to sharing videos, posting pictures and news articles, to writing notes, Facebook users are virtually living by its description - "Facebook is a social utility that connects you with the people around you". The key word here is 'connects' - making the connection, spreading your message, maintaining engagement levels and creating positive reactions - these are the valuable uses of powerful media like Facebook. The 2008 US Presidential Election has seen a striking example of people forming groups to share their voices online, simply writing notes on Facebook as part of the "One Million Strong for Barack" group.
Reasons for Social Media Marketing
* Building Relationships * Listening to Customers * Joining the Conversation * Engaging your Target Market
Just like any other marketing technique, the purpose of video marketing is to attract maximum exposure and impressions. An example of a hugely successful commercial viral campaign on YouTube is "Will It Blend?" Blendtec. The campaign was a video series on various household objects that are run through a Blendtec blender-including marbles, rake handles, and even iPods. These were actual demonstrations of "extreme blending" being done by the company. Blendtec saw a dramatic increase in sales of at-home and commercial blenders.
Top Tip on YouTube Marketing:
Focus on something fun, something that people will want to share with friends
|
|
Referral: The Secret To Successful Networking!
|
|
by Margaret Hennessy What does "networking" mean to you? If you were asked why you joined an organization or attended a “business mixer” sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce, chances are you would reply that you wanted to "network." Right? Are you in an organization to gain support? Find resources? Secure clients? Most likely, it is a combination of all these reasons. One of the most valuable reasons is referrals. It is also the most overlooked. Many times we leave meeting or event without having taken advantage of this great resource Consider the following networking tips to increase your business and gain referrals:
You Know 250 People! Every person knows a minimum of 250 people, and many know significantly more than that. So, every person you meet and get to know increases your own network exponentially by a minimum of 250 people. Your contact knows someone else who can get you “one degree” closer to your prospect, and his contact knows someone else, etc. That means thatwithin a contact sphere of just six people you can get to anyone you may want to meet. Try it; you'll be surprised. Give First! This is what women often do best. We have been taught to help others first and not expect anything in return. Although the basic rule still applies, and we should give referrals to others, the next rule addresses expectations. The old saying, “What goes around, comes around,” is so true here. When you decide to go to your next meeting, think about why you are participating. Aren't you trying to increase your business? If you used the other members' businesses, or referred potential clients to them, wouldn't they be more comfortable referring business to you? The answer is yes! Keep Things Equal! During the Holidays when you receive a gift from someone, you expect to return a gift of equal value. Networking works on the same principle. If you give someone a referral, they feel obliged to give you one. To return the favor. We often brush off possible referrals because we are not used to receiving them. People enjoy giving; don't spoil their fun. Accept referrals graciously, and make sure that you work equally as hard to give valuable referrals to others. Take Responsibility For Your Referrals! Don't forget to ask for what you want. Without asking for referrals, your contacts will not know you are interested in more business. It is your responsibility to communicate clearly, in a non-threatening manner, and generate your own referrals. One very effective way to increase referrals is to meet with people you know on an informal basis to simply discuss each other's business and see how you can help one another. Find out who their potential customers are and tell them who yours are. You are sure to walk away with at least one referral each.
Manage Your Referrals Ethically! Once someone refers you business, you are obligated to contact the referral to see if you can be of service, and to keep the person who referred the business to you informed of the situation. Always do your best and follow ethical business practices. And, please, remember to thank the referring source!
Be Specific With What you Do! Sometimes, we tend to get lazy when we introduce ourselves, especially when we are in a stressful situation or a social setting. Try to find a way to introduce yourself quickly and clearly. This means in 30 seconds or less. This allows the person to whom you are speaking can get a clear picture of your customer, and your specific target market. It will help them focus their referrals. Don't say, for instance, “I'm a writer.” This is what I use for my company, Solstice Green Directory. “Hi. My name is Margaret Hennessy. We publish the Solstice Green Directory to promote local green and integrative health businesses in San Luis Obispo County. We are getting the word out about sustainability locally. Remember to say your name and company name at the beginning and at the end of your introduction. People often forget who you are once you've gone through your mini sales pitch. If you say something that piques their interest, you want them to remember who you are, so repeat your name and company at the end.
Please remember to ask..."Do you know anyone who could use my services (or product)? Would you be willing to give me their name and contact information? Or, better yet, would you give them a call and tell them about me?" Networking is one of the most valuable tools you can use to help grow your business. Referrals is the secret to good networking. Be prepared to give and receive them.... now, you go girl! Margaret Hennessy is the publisher of Solstice Green Directory and is a community volunteer.
She can be reached at
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Political Glass Ceilings due to women still tied to glass slippers
Political glass ceilings due to women still tied to glass slippers?
A new article in the Washington Post asks if we are creating our own glass ceilings when it comes to politics. ... a new report from the Brookings Institution suggests an unexpected reason for the relative paucity of women elsewhere in political office and the dearth of credible female presidential candidates: an ambition gap.
"Somewhat surprisingly," write political scientists Jennifer Lawless of Brown University and Richard Fox of Loyola Marymount, women's under representation "is not because of discrimination against women candidates. In fact, women perform as well as men when they do run for office. In terms of fundraising and vote totals, the consensus among researchers is the complete absence of overt gender bias."
Rather, the "fundamental reason for women's under representation is that they do not run for office. There is a substantial gender gap in political ambition; men tend to have it, and women don't."
I'm glad the writer, Ruth Marcus, spotlights the issue. My only problem with it is that she (and the study) didn't distinguish between having ambition and acting on it.
Ambition is defined as: an eager or strong desire to achieve something, such as fame or power. Perhaps they are correct that less women run for office because they aren't interested or don't have any ambition. I have to admit, perosonally I haven't run for any office is because I can't stand burocracy. However, I think that there are women out there who might have the ambition or desire, but may just be too darn tired to do anything about it. It's the old excuse that "women are still the main family/child care givers," and while they may have the desire or interest to run for politics, they are instead stuck being Cinderella, having to get all the chores done first. The article also notes that:
The women in the survey were far less likely to be married or have children than the men were, and those who did had their hands full: 60 percent of the women, compared with four percent of the men, said they were responsible for the majority of child care.
As Beloit College political scientist Georgia Duerst-Lahti put it, "Women may now think about running for office, but they probably think about it while they are making the bed." Chugging down the Mommy Track may leave little time for pursuing a third, often all-consuming, career.
O.k. So now we've surveyed:
* men, the majority of whom were married and only four percent have childcare responsibility, and
* women, who from what I can tell, were for the most part single; and those who were married, 60% had the childcare responsability.
Now to me, that seems a bit like comparing apples to oranges. Single women who may be more transient and married women who have childcare responsibility v. married men with presumably stay at home wives.
I realize it's difficult to compare genders without making gross generalizations. I've run into the issue myself. Although I do prefer when they break the comparisons down to marital status/generations, etc. as that makes for better comparisons. Regardless, I think demographics are changing as breadwinner roles change and gen Y rebels against what has been the standard culture. Unfortunately, as more people remain single and transient in a global market, it may be of less interest to anyone to be involved in politics, especially on a local scale.
However, I will agree with the author in that there are women out there still culturally ingrained to not want to put themselves in the spotlight. Again, it's the passive Cinderella idea. But we need to ask ourselves and other women -- can you really break through a glass ceiling if you're wearing glass slippers?
|
|
Be a Better Blogger
|
|
Blogging has exploded as a communication tool and is a great way to increase your online presence and credibility. If you're not using a blog to promote your business or yourself, then now is a good time to start doing so.
If you can write, you can blog. You don't have to be a technical person to blog. Being a good blogger means following the principals of good writing, but it also means following some special online protocols.
My ten tips for better blogging are:
1. Determine your target audience. Like with any communication, you should first figure out who you're trying to reach and why you want to reach them.
2. Decide your theme. This should be related to your audience. And, most importantly, be a subject that interesting to your audience. Just because you have a great interest in something doesn't mean that others will want to read about it.
3. Remember that what goes online, stays online. Sure, you can be controversial, but remember that web pages get archived and are visible in web searches, even if you've deleted your posting. So, you may want to think twice before ranting about your employer or trashing another person.
4. Use a catchy, short title. The title should make people want to read more.
5. Be concise. People will lose interest if you're too long winded.
6. Use bullets or numbers for your points. This makes your blog post much easier to read.
7. Use informal, conversational language. For example, use contractions like you're, instead of you are.
8. Encourage feedback. Blogging, like other Web 2.0 tools, is great for encouraging interaction with your audience.
9. Include links to other, related blogs. Ask others to do this for your blog too.
10. Post new blog entries frequently. Have a schedule and stick to it. Ask others to be guest bloggers for you so that you have frequent new material.
If you're not quite ready to enter the blogosphere whole-heartedly, get your feet wet by commenting on other's blog postings. This can get you comfortable with writing online and create a network of people who know you.
For those of you who are scratching your head and thinking, now what exactly is a blog? Wikipedia defines a blog as:
"(an abridgment of the term web log) is a website where entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog."
Wikipedia reports that as of December 2007, Technorati (an Internet search engine for searching blogs) was tracking over 112 million blogs. That's a lot of blogs!
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Value of Connection
|
|

Attending a networking event or business meeting is only as valuable as you make it. Many of us tire of attending events where we feel it turns into a social event – and we wonder at the value we receive by attending. Sure we may get a meal, or free drink or snacks – but let’s be realistic – it takes time out of our schedules and costs money too.
On the flip side, if you sit all day in your office hoping to make the right connections – you may grow roots instead of your business. And so with that in mind, many of us dress up, get out and meet new people, old friends and make the connections that may help us or others. There are a few things you can do to make sure that your networking is effective.
Attend events with a purpose If you go with a specific purpose in mind you are less likely to wander aimlessly about the room meeting no one in particular. Before you go to the meeting, see if you can look on a website or find information about the theme of the meeting, who will be there, and how that might relate to you. Write down one connection or person you want to meet at the event and see if you can fulfill that purpose.
Ask for what you need When talking with others, those you have just met and those you already know –ask for what you need. If you are looking for a specific supplier, ask around. If there is a new grant, by-law, event you need to know more about, ask others if they know. I recently learned a key piece of information I had been searching for, for months, from a lady at a meeting. What a shortcut that was to hours of research!
Don’t try to make a sale, educate a potential client. Do not ever go to a meeting with the idea of selling something. Go with the idea of educating people about the benefits they receive by doing business with you. Make a date to meet later or ask to touch base later by phone.
Look for partnership opportunities There will be many people at this meeting who could potentially be a great alliance for you. No man or woman is an island. Many great businesses evolved as a result of a chance meeting. You do not have to form a partnership, but look for ways that you could share a trade show booth, or newsletter information. Help someone, and let them help you out too.
Ask how you can help connect another Asking another person who you can connect them to is a great way to break the ice. Ask others about themselves and what they do. Then see if you could connect them to someone who might want their product or service. People never forget you when you do that, you become a connector for them and they do in turn eventually talk to others about you.
Just get good at it It can become a habit to sit in the office. Break that habit and make it your goal to get out once a week to one place or another. Even businesses owners that have a store front benefit from getting out to meet new people. Last week we invited a florist to a meeting – she made several new contacts who – now that they know her will visit her store.
It can be a lot of fun Business starts out as fun – when we first begin. But as the little details of business ‘get to us’ – it loses its fun. Getting out to a meeting once a week makes us get dressed up a bit, be sociable, laugh a little and have some fun. Your business may be a serious one, but everyone needs a little humour in their week.
Networking meetings are what you make them. There is such value in meeting new people and building relationships through networking. We all need to connect- so get out there and make those connections. No Excuses!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Why Be Nice?
|
|
From time to time I reread the Power of Being Nice, How to Conquer the Business World with Kindness, by Linda Kaplan Thaler and Robin Koval. It is a quick read on the topic of being nice and I always find something I new.
Here are a few of the tidbits and musings I found most interesting this time through:
The Power of Nice Principle #6: You will know. This principle reminds us that even if we never see the person we treated badly again we will know when we haven't been nice. Long-term this behavior can add to any lack of self-esteem issues you might have and jeopardize the successful outcome of a meeting or a relationship. Aretha Franklin's song about R-E-S-P-E-C-T comes to mind.
The Waffle Ice Cream Cone. During the 1904 World's Fair the ice cream vendor ran out of bowls to serve his customers. Next to him was a Persian waffle vendor who rather than turning his back thinking it wasn't his problem, rolled up a waffle and plopped the ice cream in creating an early version of the ice cream cone. Both vendors went on to have good sales that day and the waffle vendor went on to make a fortune.
* Teaching Someone to Fish. I have had the opportunity to do a lot of mentoring. The more astute individual always wants to thank me in some material way. I tell them that the greatest thanks is to know that years down the road, when approached by someone just starting out, the individual remembers our work together and provides a helping hand.
* The Power of Nice Principle #1: Positive impressions are like seeds. At networking events really look at and listen to the person speaking to you and remember to smile. Make them feel as if there is no one more important in the room. While you will never know if future good fortune is tied to this specific act you will have changed the energy in the room and beyond and you just never know . . .
* Come in Peace. Wave hello; bring flowers to dinner and clinking glasses, these simple gestures of friendship and niceness started with our ancestors. Waving hello was a way to show the other person you weren't armed. Bringing flowers and gifts to a neighbor demonstrated good intentions when entering other's home. Glasses were clinked to cause the contents to slosh together and then everyone knew no one was being poisoned. Next time your in a meeting, particularly one that deals with a difficult matter, think about what your body language is saying. What simple gesture can you make to put the others at ease?
I would love to hear from people who have read the book or just have other interesting tidbits on niceness. Please feel free to suggest act of kindness your comments below.
|
|
Economy got your down? Take your head out of the sand and start seeing the pockerts of gold around you!
|
|
Every economic downturn has tremendous potential for the few smart people who choose to see it as an opportunity to shake things up.
I know you're thinking, "Yeah right," but keep reading!
* Make your customers feel better and safer. No matter the market or industry, people are skittish. How can you bring a feeling of safety, comfort and security to every interaction with your customers? * If you have a cafe, clean up and make things cozy. Turn the chairs towards each other. Invite great speakers and musicians to come in for special events. Play good music. Provide great reading material. Connect people with each other. * If you are a financial planner, stop harping on retirement and start helping your clients ease their money pressures today. Be positive and encouraging. The news covers gloom and doom exceptionally well, so give people hope! * If you are a coach, help your clients get in touch with their inner strength and sense of humor. * You know those people in your life you call when you have a crisis? Be that person. Let your empathy, clear mind, and optimistic attitude be your customer's rock.
* Find ways to squeeze blood out of a turnip. You may not have needed to look at the economics of your life or business while things were good. Now that they are tight, find any way to prune, cut, or reduce unnecessary expenses.
* Rethink your market. Here in California, we are experiencing an economic bubble-burst in the real estate industry. Many formerly successful agents are in fear mode, desperately trying to sell homes in a spiraling market., but there are a few smart ones who have retooled their businesses to help people manage the foreclosure process on their homes. They are taking their knowledge of the market and customers to provide a useful service.
How do you find your new markets? Ask the following questions:
* What is happening in my industry? * Which problems do these changes create? * How can I use my skills to provide a solution to these problems? * Show customers the quickest path to money. * If you know how to finish and launch a project, create a "we get it done and out the door!" program. Most people get stuck in the last 5% of the project (setting up the shopping cart and sales page, formatting the ebook, etc.), so help them complete things in the quickest way possible. * Reduce/reuse/recycle. Many people think they need to create totally new material all the time for products or services. You don't! Help your client create a killer workshop out of a great series of blog posts. Turn a popular series of podcasts into an audio product. Use your imagination -- how can you repackage what you already have and sell it?
* Find complementary partners Almost everyone is feeling the pinch drumming up business alone. But what if you looked for partners that bring complimentary services to your business?
* Monetize the little things Are you like me and recommend the same people and services over and over? I have gotten really lazy with affiliate links since I don't want to appear greedy or self-interested. Really, I am being silly by leaving perfectly good money on the table. Here is a guideline to follow:
* Only promote really great products and services you believe in. If you don't believe in them, don't promote them. * If you use affiliate links, let people know, and your conflict of interest is solved. If anyone disagrees, ask them to kindly buy your diapers (or toner cartridges or whatever you spend your money on) for you.
* Do what you are meant to do
JK Rowling gave a wonderful address to Harvard graduates last week where she spoke of failure and imagination. Describing the place from which she wrote Harry Potter, she said:
"So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged. I was set free, because my greatest fear had already been realized, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life."
I can't be the only one sick of cowering in the shadow of terrible news. What are your ideas for blasting through this crisis/opportunity?
|
|
|
|
|
|